Diabetes Eye Health

Apple Ophthalmology cares for patients with diabetes and diabetic eye disease. Diabetes can have a significant impact on eye health, leading to a range of conditions collectively known as diabetic eye disease. This group includes diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, cataracts, and glaucoma. Managing blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and cholesterol is crucial in preventing or delaying the onset of these conditions. Regular eye exams are essential for early detection and treatment, which can prevent vision loss. Here's an overview of the diabetic eye conditions:

1. Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy is the most common diabetic eye disease and a leading cause of blindness in adults. It is caused by damage to the blood vessels of the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. There are two stages:

Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR): This early stage is characterized by swelling and weakening of the retinal blood vessels, leading to blood and fluid leaks into the retina.
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR): This more advanced stage involves the growth of new, abnormal blood vessels on the surface of the retina, which can lead to scarring and retinal detachment.

2. Diabetic Macular Edema (DME)

DME is a complication of diabetic retinopathy that occurs when fluid builds up on the macula, the part of the retina responsible for sharp, straight-ahead vision. This swelling can lead to vision loss.

3. Cataracts

Diabetes increases the risk of developing cataracts, a condition characterized by the clouding of the eye's lens. People with diabetes tend to develop cataracts at a younger age and see their cataracts progress faster than individuals without diabetes.

4. Glaucoma

The risk of glaucoma is nearly double in people with diabetes compared to those without. Glaucoma occurs when pressure builds up in the eye, damaging the optic nerve and leading to vision loss.

Prevention and Management

Control Blood Sugar Levels: High blood sugar can damage the blood vessels in the eyes over time, leading to diabetic eye disease. Maintaining control of your blood sugar levels helps protect your eyes.
Regular Eye Exams: Annual eye exams are crucial for detecting diabetic eye disease early when it is most treatable. These exams should include a comprehensive dilated eye exam.
Manage Blood Pressure and Cholesterol: High blood pressure and high cholesterol can increase the risk of vision loss for people with diabetes. Managing these conditions can help protect your eyes.
Quit Smoking: Smoking increases the risk of diabetes complications, including eye problems.
Prompt Treatment: For those diagnosed with diabetic eye disease, treatments such as laser therapy, injections of corticosteroids or anti-VEGF agents into the eye, and surgery can slow down or halt the progression of the disease.